1 | 1979

1. Image de la réglementation de la vitesse et position sociale dans le système de circulation routière

P. Barjonnet ; J. l'Hoste.
Between 1970 and 1973, road safety in France took on a new political and social importance with the creation of Inter-ministerial Organisms (an interdepartmental government body consisting of a commission and a special safety delegation) and the adoption of three broad measures: setting of a maximum legal blood alcohol content, compulsory wearing of seat belts, speed limit throughout the road network. This last measure is perhaps a kind of borderline case which bears directly on one of the most basic characteristics of the automobile - that is, its "performance" - and will in all probability give rise to very important changes in the use and image of the private automobile. The different aspects of this problem are dealt with in this article, first from the point of view of the methods used, then with respect to the role of social attitudes and hierarchy in road traffic. This last aspect is concerned with social attitudes to speed regulation, the causes of road accidents, road hazards and lack of safety - in other words, the consensus of opinion on automobile use.

2. Quelques réflexions sur la notion d’accessibilité

Renaud de Crecy.
This paper first reviews the main various operational forms used for a quantitative measure of accessibility in urban transit studies and considers practical use and theorical basis for each of them. In a second part, the problem discussed is to know what form is the most theorically founded and is to be used when comparing different situations through accessibility. The comparison may concern different cities, or different parts of a town, or periods, or modes, or people categories. In each case, a special form for accessibility is provided and it is outlined that this concept has ever more ordinal than cardinal qualities, and that it is difficult, in consequence, to measure really the difference of accessibility between two situations.

3. À propos de "Quelques réflexions sur la notion d’accessibilité"

G. Koenig.
Commentaire de l’article de Renaud de Crecy, "Quelques réflexions sur la notion d’accessibilité"

4. Ramassage ouvrier et structuration de l'espace

B. Gerardin.
The analyses of the systems organized for the transportation of the workers remain an area little studied in transportation economics. Recent researches undertaken at the initiative of the Institute for Transportation Research (IRT), Institute of Economic Studies (IEE) and the ATP socio-economy of Transports, have led to a better understanding of their importance both as transportation system and as elements of the personnel policy of the enterprise.The repercussions of these transportation systems on the structure of space and on the evolution of daily commuting have not been studied in-depth. This article, after having presented the results of several researches already completed tries to integrate the phenomenon of worker transportation with economic theories of space and migration. The confrontation of neo-classical models analyzing migration as a process of adjustment between regions of high and low salaries with the empirical results of the investigations of the transportation workers networks shows clearly the inadequation of these models. The behaviour of the workers concerned is influenced not only by the sphere of production, but also by family and socio-cultural factors. A vast field of research remains open.

5. Transports en commun et représentation automatique

François Plassard.
With the development of minicomputers, it is now possible to produce quickly and at low cost many diagrams which until now could only be made with very large computers. This paper illustrates these new capabilities by applying them to a mass transport inquiry realized at Lyon in 1977. It then proposes, given the difficulties presented, a methodology to make maps of a spatial phenomenon.

6. Deux problèmes dans la modélisation du comportement de déplacement

L.H. Klaassen ; J.H.P. Paelinck.
Transport behaviour so far has not been adequately integrated in spatial models. Two aspects of the problem are studied here: realistic measures of distance in spatial production models, and the influence of distance on the behaviour of buyers as far as the place of purchase are concerned.