While the development of urban public transport (UPT) is considered a priority to promote the ecological transition, the Covid-19 health crisis has affected its operation. It results from constraints on supply, made necessary by travel restrictions and limitations on economic activity during periods of confinement. Existing literature has focused mainly on the use of different modes of transport, changes in mobility practices and the way governments managed the crisis. This article focuses instead on the effects of covid-19 on the supply and financing of UPT, and analyses whether this crisis has given rise to new dynamics in the mobility organising authorities (AOMs). Using data from 95 AOMs (i.e. 35% of all AOMs in 2019) and a survey of some 39 AOMs (14%), three main results are established. First, there is a big fall in fare revenue, whatever the category of AOM in France. However, due to the small proportion of UPT funding paid for by users, this decline is easily offset by a variation in the mobility tax (versement mobilité), government subsidies and an increase in the contribution from local authorities. Second, the AOMs seem confident about the funding for prospects, through an expected increase in UPT patronage and a stability, or even an expected dynamic, in the mobility tax in the future. As a result, the health crisis does not seem to have encouraged the AOMs to find new resources to finance the development of their UPT services in the medium-to-long term. Third, […]
Lane splitting is the practice of riding a powered two-wheelers between lanes when the traffic is slow or vehicles are stopped (Sperley et Pietz, 2010). Although lane splitting is not allowed everywhere in France, it is a common riding practice among motorcyclist drivers. As transport policy is a key driver for promoting sustainable and safe transport, a first experiment (2015-2018) was conducted in eleven departments where a secure form of lane splitting was allowed on highways and urban expressways (Eyssartier et al., 2018). A second experiment is conducted since 2021 in ten new departments with eight specific conditions regulating this practice. The aim of this article is to present the results of this second experiment by analyzing the social acceptability of this road safety policy. This involves studying acceptability and therefore identifying the factors impacting the general attitude towards the measure and the behavioral intention to comply with the rules, based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology developed by Venkatesh et al. (2003). We performed multiple regressions on several dependent variables: general attitude toward the measure for car and motorcyclist drivers and intention to respect the rules for motorcyclist drivers. Overall, the results show that drivers have a positive general attitude to the rules, and that this attitude is more positive for motorcyclists than among car drivers. No differences were found between experimental […]
Rising several issues, home-to-school mobility provides an international literature from various fields. Medical disciplines warn of a decline in active travelling as a major public health problem. Social sciences study this mobility with regard to the role it plays in children's quality of life and its influence on the behaviours they will exhibit as adults. Nevertheless, the study of environmental externalities and sociospatial disparities of this mobility remains limited, especially in the French literature. This research relies on a survey conducted in Gironde, a French department, questioning pupils of the French “college” (11 – 15 years old) in the public sector about their home-to-school mobility. We begin by calculating the greenhouse gases emitted by these trips. We then seek to better understand the links between these emissions and mobility patterns in relation to the child's social and spatial attributes, to better formulate actions that address both emission reduction and mobility inequities.
This article sheds light on the financing of mobility in Africa. Based on two research sites (Lomé and Dakar), it first highlights the difficulties of financing projects, emphasizing the predominance and inadequacy of public funds, as well as the low level of contributions from local authorities and private players. Mobility projects require substantial investment, long-term debt and social pricing. Local commercial banks are unable to provide long-term loans due to low capital levels, while contributions from local authorities with little financial autonomy are limited to the provision of roads. To attract investors, the article recommends building a territorial governance system for mobility and developing "bankable" projects. Indeed, there are many sources of funding available. But to be eligible, projects must go beyond mere "good ideas" and be built around feasibility studies. A case in point is the Rapid Transit Bus project supported by CETUD (Conseil Exécutif des Transports Urbains Durables) in Dakar.