The immigrant population living in France as caused few studies in the field of transport. In fact, this is the idea of integration an ethnical or racial dimension in the research problematics which has not been yet underlined. Though, considering in a specific way the foreign user in the scope of urban travel may suggest a lot of interests. The purpose of the paper is to show that the subsidizing politics of French urban transit systems corresponds badly with the demographic, social and economic realities of the immigrant population and specially those coming from Nord-Africa who represent more than one million persons.
Analysis of goods transport chains - i.e. use of a succession of different modes of transport -needs to cut out trips and "break of load" points. Usually, trips are defined by singleness of mode, and "break of load" points by mode-to-mode transfer operations. An other way to cut out more thinly is proposed in terms of "journey". A "journey" is defined by three criterions: i) geographical displacement of goods ii) use of one and the same vehicle iii) trip is realized by one the same operator. This operational use concept is presented, and discussion turns on signification of these three criterions.
This article tries to present a method dealing with the utility of the regional aerian trans¬port. Complementary to traditional methods of planification of aerian trans¬port networks, it aims to appreciate the socio-economical effect of a new ser¬vice or of a new network from an analysis of the spaces in urban and regional functions terms. This method is applied in the case of the creation of the Mexican regional aerian network.
Usually focused in the CBD, main activities of urban conur¬bations generate heavy traffic volumes over short periods of time.Therefore, scarcity of street space in the centers makes it necessary to consider the space consumed by each mode of transport such as private car, cycle, walking and public transport.A new concept: the m2 x hour (or square meter x hour) enables to quantify these space consumptions including travelling of parking time.For instance, it shows that an home-work trip, based on an average length, when made by car, consumes 90 times more space than the same trip made by metro, 45 times more space than if walking, 4 times more than if made by cycle and from 8 to 30 times more when made by bus (depending whether the bus runs in the general traffic or on a priority lane).Generally speaking this concept allows to understand the trends and proportions in which that or-allotment (or creation) of street space in urban centers could or should occur between the different users so that to ensure the best overall productivity.This last value is all the better determined as a money value can be given to this space consumption (one m2 x hour equal on the average 0,20 F to 0,40 F).This leads to the fact that the existing and created space markets are balanced enough as to form actually a single market.